Article

Metacriticism in Salman Rushdie’s Short Story “Yorick”

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Abstract

Salman Rushdie is mostly known for his usage of new techniques especially those of postmodernism. In his short story collection East, West, besides many postmodern techniques such as pastiche, parody, and metafiction, his focus on metacriticism is apparent in the short story titled “Yorick”. Rushdie’s “Yorick” that is based on an invented story about the character Yorick, the dead clown whose skull Prince Hamlet handles and makes his famous speech in Hamlet, appears as an example of creative metacriticism that depicts the place and function of literary criticism in a fictional work.Referring to theoretical criticisms of Hamlet, such as psychoanalysis and social theories, Rushdie uses criticism of literary criticism in his short story “Yorick”. Thus, he adds his postmodern interpretation into the analyses of literary criticism since antiquity. This study will firstly focus on the theoretical background of metacriticism in general, and creative metacritcism, in particular. Later on, it will try to find out the traces of creative metacriticism in Rushdie’s short story “Yorick” in which he also deals with metafiction, the role of the writer, the function of the reader, writer-critic-reader collaboration, the objectivity or subjectivity of literary criticism, creative writing or creative reading, and the truth in storytelling. Analysing how metacriticism operates in the story, Rushdie’s ideas on what literary criticism is and should be will be clarified in conclusion.

Abstract (Turkish, translation)

Salman Rushdie’nin “Yorick” Adlı Kısa Öyküsünde Üsteleştiri

Salman Rushdie, özellikle postmodernizmle bağlantılı yeni teknikleri kullanması ilebilinmektedir. Doğu, Batı adlı kısa öykü derlemesinde, pastiş, parodi ve üstkurgu gibi birçok postmodern tekniği kullanmasının yanı sıra, “Yorick” adlı kısa öyküde üsteleştiri üzerine yoğunlaştığı göze çarpmaktadır. Hamlet’te Prens Hamlet’in elinde tutarak üzerine ünlü konuşmasını yaptığı mefta soytarı Yorick karakterinin kurmaca öyküsü üzerine temellenen Rushdie’nin “Yorick”i, kurgu bir eserde edebi eleştirinin yerini ve işlevini dile getiren bir tür yaratıcı üsteleştiri örneği olarak ortaya çıkar.Psikanaliz ve sosyal teoriler gibi Hamlet’in teorik eleştirilerine gönderme yaparak Rushdie, “Yorick” adlı kısa öyküsünde edebi eleştirinin eleştirisini kullanır. Antik çağdan bu yana edebi eleştiri üzerine yapılan incelemelere Rushdie kendi postmodern yorumunu böylelikle eklemiş olur. Bu çalışmada genelde üsteleştirinin, özelde ise yaratıcı üsteleştirinin teorik arkaplanı üzerine öncelikle yoğunlaşılacaktır. Daha sonra Rushdie’nin üstkurgu, yazarın rolü, okurun işlevi, yazar, eleştirmen, okur işbirliği, edebi eleştirinin nesnelliği ya da öznelliği, yaratıcı yazarlık ya da yaratıcı okurluk ve öykülemede hakikat konularını da ele aldığı “Yorick” adlı kısa öyküsündeki yaratıcı üsteleştirinin izlerini bulmaya çalışılacaktır. Öyküde üsteleştirinin nasıl işlediğini incelenerek sonuç olarak Rushdie’nin edebi eleştiri nedir ve ne olmalıdır hakkındaki fikirleri açıklanacaktır.

Keywords

Sanat ve Edebiyat

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References

Al-Shara, Z. A. (2009). Creative metacriticism: The portrayal of literary theory in contemporary fiction.PhD Dissertation, Western Michigan University, Paper 640. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/640/ Davies, B. (2000). A body of writing: 1990-1999. New York and London: AltaMira Press. Davis, R. G. (2000). Salman Rushdie’s East, West: Palimpsests of fiction and reality. Passages, 2 (1), 81-91. Ghose, I. (2010). Jesting with Death: Hamlet in Graveyard. Textual Practice, 24 (6), 1003-1018. Ghosh-Schellhorn, M. (1998). Transitional identitiy and its indentured emplacement. In E. R. Alfred Hornung (Ed.), Postcolonialism and autobiography (pp. 167-186). Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi. Golban, P. (2014). Victorian critics and metacritics: Arnold, Pater, Ruskin and the independence of literary criticism. Humanitas, (3), 47-68. Guerrero-Strachan, S. R., and Hidalgo, A. S. (2008). The fooler fooled: Salman Rushdie’s hybrid revision of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet through ‘Yorick’. In C. D. Kapadia (Ed.), Native Shakespeares: Indigenous appropriations on a global stage (pp. 73-87). Ashgate Publishing. Henderson, G. E., and Brown, C. (1997, March 31). Glossary of literary theory. University of Toronto English Library. Retrieved from http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/glossary/Metacriticism.html Kapadia, P. (2008). Transnational Shakespeare: Salman Rushdie and intertextual appropriation. Borrowers and Lenders: The Journal of Shakespeare and Appropriation, 3 (2), 1-21. Lodge, D. (1971). The novelist at the crossroads and other essays on fiction and criticism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Mack, M. (1952). The world of Hamlet. The Yale Review, 41, 502-523. Mendes, A. C. (2016). Salman Rushdie in the cultural marketplace. London and New York: Routledge. Nogueira, A. L. (2002). Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Salman Rushdie’s “Yorick,” and the dilemmas of tradition. In A. d. Resende (Ed.), Foreign accents: Brazilian readings of Shakespeare (pp. 138-153). Newark and London: Rosemont Publishing. Popper, K. (1974). The philosophy of Karl Popper. (P. A. Schilpp, Ed.) La Salle, IL: Open Court. Ravel, S. (1981). Metacriticism. Athens: The Univesrity of Georgia Press. Rushdie, S. (1994 [1996]). East, West.New York: Vintage Books. Rushdie, S. (1992). Imaginary homelands. London: Penguin. Rushdie, S. (1988). Minority literatures in a multi-cultural society. In A. R. Kirsten Holst Peterson (Ed.), Displaced persons (pp. 33-42). Mundelstrup: Dangaroo

Cite this publication

APA 7

Arıkan, S. (2017). Metacriticism in Salman Rushdie’s Short Story “Yorick”. Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Letters, 35(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.438142

BibTeX

@article{arikan2017metacriticism,
  author = {Ar{\i}kan, Seda},
  title = {{Metacriticism in Salman Rushdie's Short Story ``Yorick''}},
  journal = {Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Letters},
  volume = {35},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--9},
  publisher = {Hacettepe {\"U}niversitesi},
  year = {2017},
  month = {4},
  issn = {1301-5737},
  doi = {10.32600/huefd.438142},
  url = {https://hacettepe.hbtech.com.tr/en/publication/metacriticism-in-salman-rushdies-short-story-yorick},
  language = {en},
  keywords = {Sanat ve Edebiyat},
  abstract = {Salman Rushdie is mostly known for his usage of new techniques especially those of postmodernism. In his short story collection East, West, besides many postmodern techniques such as pastiche, parody, and metafiction, his focus on metacriticism is apparent in the short story titled ``Yorick''. Rushdie's ``Yorick'' that is based on an invented story about the character Yorick, the dead clown whose skull Prince Hamlet handles and makes his famous speech in Hamlet, appears as an example of creative metacriticism that depicts the place and function of literary criticism in a fictional work.Referring to theoretical criticisms of Hamlet, such as psychoanalysis and social theories, Rushdie uses criticism of literary criticism in his short story ``Yorick''. Thus, he adds his postmodern interpretation into the analyses of literary criticism since antiquity. This study will firstly focus on the theoretical background of metacriticism in general, and creative metacritcism, in particular. Later on, it will try to find out the traces of creative metacriticism in Rushdie's short story ``Yorick'' in which he also deals with metafiction, the role of the writer, the function of the reader, writer-critic-reader collaboration, the objectivity or subjectivity of literary criticism, creative writing or creative reading, and the truth in storytelling. Analysing how metacriticism operates in the story, Rushdie's ideas on what literary criticism is and should be will be clarified in conclusion.}
}

.bib

RIS

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arıkan, Seda
TI  - Metacriticism in Salman Rushdie’s Short Story “Yorick”
T2  - Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Letters
VL  - 35
IS  - 1
PY  - 2017
DA  - 2017/04/04/
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Hacettepe Üniversitesi
SN  - 1301-5737
DO  - 10.32600/huefd.438142
UR  - https://hacettepe.hbtech.com.tr/en/publication/metacriticism-in-salman-rushdies-short-story-yorick
AB  - Salman Rushdie is mostly known for his usage of new techniques especially those of postmodernism. In his short story collection East, West, besides many postmodern techniques such as pastiche, parody, and metafiction, his focus on metacriticism is apparent in the short story titled “Yorick”. Rushdie’s “Yorick” that is based on an invented story about the character Yorick, the dead clown whose skull Prince Hamlet handles and makes his famous speech in Hamlet, appears as an example of creative metacriticism that depicts the place and function of literary criticism in a fictional work.Referring to theoretical criticisms of Hamlet, such as psychoanalysis and social theories, Rushdie uses criticism of literary criticism in his short story “Yorick”. Thus, he adds his postmodern interpretation into the analyses of literary criticism since antiquity. This study will firstly focus on the theoretical background of metacriticism in general, and creative metacritcism, in particular. Later on, it will try to find out the traces of creative metacriticism in Rushdie’s short story “Yorick” in which he also deals with metafiction, the role of the writer, the function of the reader, writer-critic-reader collaboration, the objectivity or subjectivity of literary criticism, creative writing or creative reading, and the truth in storytelling. Analysing how metacriticism operates in the story, Rushdie’s ideas on what literary criticism is and should be will be clarified in conclusion.
KW  - Sanat ve Edebiyat
LA  - en
ER  -

.ris